Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• in vacuum, as shown in Figure 5b. As it has been shown previously, the oxygen vacancy defects in nanocomposite materials can act as active centers during photocatalytic oxidation processes by capturing photoinduced electrons, thus contributing to a substantial improvement of photocatalytic activity

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• structural, optical, and electrical properties of glancing angle-deposited NS-WOx thin films, where NS-WOx films of different thicknesses (6–60 nm) are prepared by rf sputtering and exposed to post-growth annealing at 673 K in vacuum (2 × 10−7 mbar). The role of increased oxygen vacancy concentration (OV) on

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• approach for the in situ synthesis of a series of oxygen-vacancy (OV)-rich Bi0/Bi-based photocatalysts [80]. A new understanding of how Bi0 nanoparticles and OVs are created in situ in Bi-based photocatalysts has been reported. Compared to other Bi-based photocatalysts, Bi0/OV–(BiO)2CO3 showed high

• for separating photogenerated electrons and holes. As a result of the Fe doping, an impurity energy level was produced close to the VB, and an imperfection (oxygen vacancy) energy level was produced close to the CB. Both of these energy levels are in a position to potentially accept photoinduced holes

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• -polarization with the valence electron configuration according to the ligand field theory (cf. Figure 2). This is because both e and t2 orbitals participate together in the transitions occurring in the pre-edge region. When the second oxygen vacancy is introduced, that is, structure S2, the antiferromagnetic

• above the Fermi level) that correspond to the pre-edge peaks in the O K-edge XANES spectra show sensitivity to increasing oxygen vacancy concentration. These PDOS peaks show change in intensity and splitting in response to the distortions from ideal geometric arrangements of oxygen shells surrounding

• may be attributed to dipole transitions from O 1s to O 2p states that are hybridized with unoccupied Ni 3d states. However, the presence of a single oxygen vacancy in the nickel-doped zirconia matrix results in atomic relaxation and subsequent changes in the oxygen shells surrounding nickel atoms such

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• . Katsiev; J. M. Burst; U. Diebold; A. M. Chaka; B. Delley, Phys. Rev. B, vol. 72, article no. 165414, 2005). Copyright (2005) by the American Physical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0; (b) SnO2(110) surface including a bridging oxygen vacancy (1-bridging oxygen; 2-bridging OV; 3-oxygen

• oxide (not to be confused with stannous oxide with tin in the oxidation state of 2+ [13], also known as cassiterite [14]. SnO2 materials have many interesting properties. For instance, the structure and electronic structure can be manipulated easily due to the highly tunable valence state and oxygen

• vacancy defects (OVs) [15][16]. Therefore, SnO2 is considered a potential material in various technological fields such as catalysis, optoelectronic devices, rechargeable lithium batteries, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, solar energy conversion, and gas sensing [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In the

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• electrons are trapped at oxygen vacancy sites, allowing also for singly charged () or uncharged (VO) oxygen vacancies in close vicinity to Ce3+ ions [31][32], which show a strongly lowered mobility. For low temperatures, the common electroneutrality equation for acceptor-doped ceria can be shortened, as

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• ]). The intensities of the defect bands in relation to each other and to the NBE band are associated with the route of AZO growth. The point defects usually observed in ZnO are: oxygen vacancy VO, zinc vacancy VZn, interstitial oxygen Oi, interstitial zinc Zni, and oxygen antisite OZn [44][45]. The

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• transformation from (1×1) to (√5×√5)R26.6°, and in the vicinity of extended defects in a crystal (dislocations) which act as easy conduction paths for electrons. Oxygen vacancy formation, and therefore Ti3+ valence, results in the appearance of new t2g electron states within Ti 3d, which are below the conduction

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• observations of the oxygen-vacancy formation by in situ spectroscopy and microscopy methods. Therefore, it is desirable to perform in situ microscopy experiments to investigate the generation and evolution of oxygen vacancies at the insulating layer of Bi2WO6 crystals upon an external stimulation, which will

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• color because of its oxygen vacancy, which is an important reason why WO3 exhibits n-type semiconductor characteristics. WO3 is a multifunctional semiconductor material and widely used in phototropism [1], electrochromism [2], photocatalysis [3], electrochemistry [4], gas sensing [5] and other fields

Imaging the surface potential at the steps on the rutile TiO₂(110) surface by Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Huan Fei Wen,
• Quanzhen Zhang,
• Yuuki Adachi,
• Jan Brndiar,
• Ivan Štich,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1228–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.122

• labeled as Os in Figure 4 might be an oxygen vacancy (Osv) [24][25][35], causing another Ti atom to be exposed enhancing the upward local atomic dipole. According to Sasahara et al. [29], the dipole moments are formed in the central direction (horizontal direction) of the upper step by relaxation into the

• , because it has the same in-plane oxygen termination-step geometry as . We rather examine the reduced step configuration, containing an oxygen vacancy directly at step position. This configuration was observed in [35] and is also theoretically consistent [24][25][61]. The LDOS for bridging oxygen closed

• to the step is localized closely to the top of the valence band compared to a more distant oxygen atom, resulting in decrease of oxygen vacancy formation energy and consequent vacancy migration towards the step. This geometry produces a massive positive charge pinned around a vacancy, see Figure 5c

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• films is expected to be compensated by a mixed valence state of the manganese cation (Mn3+/Mn4+). Particularly, RS in LMO has been reported to be larger for oxygen vacancy-rich films [6][7]. Depending on the oxygen content (δ), the LMO structure changes from orthorhombic to rhombohedral at high δ [8

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• efficiently guide visible and UV wavelengths in air and also in water. SnO2 NWs were also used as a short pass filter [6]. Apart from the coupled light, these NWs also guide their oxygen vacancy related visible photoluminescence (PL) towards the end of the NWs [6]. Defects in SnO2 play a crucial role in its

• commercial application as a gas sensor, transparent conducting electrodes, and catalyst [13][14][15]. SnO2 NSs have been used in several other areas such as sub-wavelength waveguide sensors [4], microelectronics [6], Li-ion batteries [16], and lubricants [17]. Oxygen vacancy related defects in SnO2

• ) indicates transitions from shallow donor levels. This broad luminescence of SnO2 (1.84 to 2.75 eV) was reported earlier and assigned to the oxygen vacancy related defect states. Time-resolved X-ray induced PL studies reveled a very fast decay lifetime (<10 ns) for PL transitions above 2.6 eV and a slow

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• radii (0.74 Å for Zn2+ and 0.71 Å for Sn4+ [21]) and thus each zinc ion replaces a tin ion accompanied by the appearance of an oxygen vacancy (equivalent with two holes) to maintain the crystal electrical neutrality. Moreover, it was hypothesized that part of the zinc ions can also occupy the

• states and VB/CB” (valence band/conduction band) “by adjusting the position of bandgap to obtain an optimized narrow value” [23]. Thus, using a solution-based single-source precursor (Er-doped KSnF3), oxygen-vacancy-rich nanocrystals of co-doped Er and F SnO2 were obtained at low temperature with an

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• the singly (VO+1) and doubly charged (VO+2) oxygen vacancy states of ZnO, respectively [36][37][38]. Based on these assignments, a schematic diagram showing the position of the various defect states within the bandgap of ZnO and the corresponding PL lines is presented in Figure 3e. Absorption

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• within the range of signals connected to interstitial N, (O–N•–Ti), and has been associated with electron transitions from Ti3+/oxygen vacancy centers to interstitial N atoms [35][37][38][39]. These substitutional N atoms can also be associated with the enhanced signal in the OH group band (531.5 eV) [40

Improved catalytic combustion of methane using CuO nanobelts with predominantly (001) surfaces

• Qingquan Kong,
• Yichun Yin,
• Bing Xue,
• Yonggang Jin,
• Wei Feng,
• Zhi-Gang Chen,
• Shi Su and
• Chenghua Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2526–2532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.235

• discussed in an early publication [28], surface oxygen is often actively involved and may cleave H from CHx to form –OH and H2O, generating an oxygen vacancy (OV), which can be filled with reactant O2, leading to its dissociation and further oxidizing CHx intermediates, as shown in Figure 4d–f. With oxygen

• ) Heating profile (Tmax = 600 °C) for NBs tested for three cycles, labelled as C1, C2 and C3. CH4 oxidation mechanism by computational calculations. (a) Clean (001); (b) CH4 physical adsorption; (c) CH4 dissociative adsorption; (d) CH2* with oxygen vacancy (OV) presented; (e) CH2* with O2 adsorbed; (f) CH2

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• catalytic activity than the Cu0.07/Ti catalyst prepared using the impregnation method. The CuO–TiO2 catalyst possessed more highly dispersed CuO species as well as many oxygen vacancy active sites, which enhanced the NO gas and made it easily attachable during the catalytic reaction. Similar to previous

• oxidation process helped oxidised NO to NO2. This was due to the interaction present between the MnOx and CeOx species, resulting in more oxygen vacancy in the MnCe@CNTs-R catalyst. This rapidly enhanced the SCR reaction, making it faster. The NH3-TPD analysis shows that the MnCe@CNTs-R catalyst was not

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• types of defects: an unpaired electron in the sp3 orbital of a single silicon atom with an oxygen vacancy, and a hole trapped in an oxygen vacancy. The defects that absorb in the visible spectral range are related to nonbridging oxygen hole centers. Since the glass samples used in this study contain

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• ], including high surface area, preferential exposure of reactive facets and oxygen vacancy defects. However, pure CeO2 deactivates seriously at an elevated temperature due to the decline of surface area and OSC. In order to maintain the OSC and enhance the catalytic activity and thermal stability of CeO2

• –□vac + 1/2 O2 → [CO–M–O–Ce–O]* → CO2 (g) + M–[O]–Ce–□vac, where M–[O]–Ce denotes a metal species incorporated into CeO2, and □vac denotes an oxygen vacancy [39]. Essentially, the interaction between CeO2 and MOx is due to the lengthening and weakening of the M–O bond by sharing oxygen at the interface

High photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

• Shu Chin Lee,
• Hendrik O. Lintang and
• Leny Yuliati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 915–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.93

• Figure 6. TiO2 exhibited three emission peaks at 407, 466 and 562 nm. The emission at 407 nm could be caused by the radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons, while peaks at 466 and 562 nm were attributed to the charge transfer of an oxygen vacancy trapped electron. The obtained results agreed

Graphene functionalised by laser-ablated V₂O₅ for a highly sensitive NH₃ sensor

• Margus Kodu,
• Artjom Berholts,
• Tauno Kahro,
• Mati Kook,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Helina Seemen,
• Tea Avarmaa,
• Harry Alles and
• Raivo Jaaniso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 571–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.61

• observed as the result of the reaction of NH3 with two V2O5 adsorption sites, one with a surface OH group, forming positively charged NH4+, and the other with oxygen vacancy, forming species denoted as “coordinated NH3”. At the same time, the intensity of the V5+=O related band in the infrared reflectance

Laser irradiation in water for the novel, scalable synthesis of black TiO_x photocatalyst for environmental remediation

• Massimo Zimbone,
• Giuseppe Cacciato,
• Mohamed Boutinguiza,
• Vittorio Privitera and
• Maria Grazia Grimaldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 196–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.21

• Figure 5. The measured absorbance is higher than 90% in the range from 0.35 to 5 eV (from 3.5 to 0.25 µm in wavelength). The high absorption and black coloration is ascribed to reduced oxidation states of Ti (electrons in the Ti 3d states) and to the presence of H in association with an oxygen vacancy